Abstract

PACHECO-GOMEZ, Verónica et al. Biochemistry and metabolic pathways of polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins. Abanico vet [online]. 2021, vol.11, e503.  Epub Apr 04, 2022. ISSN 2448-6132.  https://doi.org/10.21929/abavet2021.47.

The eukaryotic cells are complex structures, capable of replication and performing a wide range of tasks in multicellular organisms. However, they also obey the laws of chemistry and physics that determine the metabolism of living systems. Consequently, cell biology seeks to understand metabolic processes in terms of reactions of anabolism and molecular catabolism. This review considers the chemical composition and properties of polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins as ultimately responsible for all cellular activities. The atoms and biochemical bonds of these macromolecules determine all cell dynamics, which is why the first part of each chapter reviews the nature of the functional group’s hydroxyl, amino and carboxyl, responsible for the formation of monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. The rest of each chapter analyzes the genesis and lysis of these molecules within each cell organelle, for the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A and the liberation of energy in the Krebs cycle. Thus, the biochemistry of cell metabolism can be understood in terms of the structures and functions of three main organic molecules polysaccharides, lipids and proteins.

Keywords : glycogenogenesis; glycolysis; lipogenesis; lipolysis; proteogenesis; proteolysis.

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