Abstract

BARREZUETA-UNDA, Salomón. Properties of several soils cultivated with cocoa in the province of El Oro, Ecuador. CienciaUAT [online]. 2019, vol.14, n.1, pp.155-166.  Epub Aug 03, 2020. ISSN 2007-7858.  https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v14i1.1210.

The physical and chemical properties of the soil, as a whole, condition the productive capacity of the plants. The research aimed to characterize the properties of the main cocoa soils in the province of El Oro (Ecuador), in the municipalities of El Guabo, Machala, Santa Rosa and Pasaje. We selected 30 plots of cocoa types CCN51 (n = 18) and National (n = 12), from which soil samples from 0 cm to 30 cm were extracted to analyze various physical and chemical properties in the laboratory. The results showed no significant differences (P >0.05) between the physical properties. The carbon levels, ranged from 1.58 % (El Guabo) to 2.06 % (Santa Rosa). In general, the nitrogen was low (0.16 % a 0.18 %). The values of: CE (0.13 13 dS/m to -0.21 dS/m), pH (6.46 to 7.72), CIC (23.4040 cmol/kg to -43.86 cmol/kg), potassium (0.310.31 cmol/kg to -1.86 cmol/kg) and calcium (19.99 cmol/kg to -37.73 cmol/kg) tended to be higher in Machala soils (< 0.05) and lower in Pasaje soils. The soils of Santa Rosa had higher concentrations of copper (16.6 mg/k) (P < 0.05) than in the rest of the municipalities. Cocoa yield CCN51 (2 570.24 kg/ha/y to 4 158.34 kg/ha/y) was higher than National (324.00 kg/ha/y to 814.17 kg/ha/y). The soils of Machala presented higher nutritional values, associated with higher average yield for National variety cocoa, and a high yield for CCN51 variety.

Keywords : associated crops; monoculture; fertilization; yield.

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