Introduction:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a disease that affects men variably over time, affecting their lifestyle with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. One treatment option is transurethral resection of the prostate. However, there are currently new, innovative and advantageous transurethral techniques. The aim of this review is to contribute to current knowledge of the different functional outcomes and complications of the main transurethral techniques.

Methods:

A literature review was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022 in the PubMed and Cochrane databases. The quality of the articles was assessed by applying PRISMA 2020 and AGREE on II recommendations.

Results:

A total of four articles were selected for the final paper. It was determined that there is currently no standard technique for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia; laser enucleation techniques (HoLEP) are a safe option in anticoagulated patients and can be used regardless of prostate size.

Conclusions:

The present review highlights the literature gaps regarding the selection of a standard transurethral surgical technique for the treatment of obstructive symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. The use of various types of lasers is recommended in view of improved functional outcomes; M-RTUP is associated with more post-surgical bleeding relative to other techniques. Long-term randomized controlled trials with a larger number of comparisons are needed to outline the best technique. However, the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia should be highly individualized.

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