Resumen

GONZALEZ-PEREZ, E.; ORTEGA-ESCOBAR, H.M.; YANEZ-MORALES, M.J.  y  RODRIGUEZ-GUILLEN, A.. Diagnosis of indicators of physical-chemical quality of water in affluents of the Atoyac River. Tecnol. cienc. agua [online]. 2019, vol.10, n.1, pp.30-51.  Epub 21-Abr-2021. ISSN 2007-2422.  https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2019-01-02.

In the area of Texmelucan, Puebla, the main source of irrigation water come from the melting of ice on the volcanoes and from deep wells; these sources satisfy the water needs of the agricultural area of Texmelucan and its surroundings. However, around 350 farmers also use wastewater to irrigate their crops. We evaluated some parameters that incide on the physical and chemical quality of the water when it is used for irrigation (pH, CE, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, PO4 2-, SO4 2-, CO3 2-, HCO3 -, Na+, B and Cl-). Random sampling was performed in 28 points, in tributaries of the Atoyac River, where water samples were taken to perform the corresponding physical and chemical analysis. Results show that the EC fluctuated between 0 and 0.875 dS m-1; 64.28% were waters with a low salinity and sodium contents (class C1S1), 28.57% were waters with a medium salinity and low sodium content (clase C2S1) and 7.15% were waters with a high salinity and a low sodium content (class C3S1). On average, Ca (0.98 meq L-1) and Mg (1.11 meq L-1) were present in higher concentrations, which favorably modified the sodium adosrption ratio (SAR). The ion bicabronate (HCO3 -) in the water presented an average of 1.83 meq L-1. The concentration of Cl-, HCO3 -, CO3 -2, B and SO4 -2 has not affected the established crops and the concentration of PO4 2- is a significant contribution to the crops. These results indicate that the area of Texmelucan, Pue. Has adequate water for irrigation from the physical and chemical standpoint, disregarding its content of heavy metals or biological analyses.

Palabras llave : Municipal and industrial wastewater; salinity; sodicity; vegetables; ornamental flowers; nutrients.

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