Abstract

BUSTAMANTE GARCIA, Verónica et al. Chemistry of plant biomass upon yield during torrefaction: a review. Rev. mex. de cienc. forestales [online]. 2016, vol.7, n.38, pp.5-23. ISSN 2007-1132.

Biomass is a source of energy that has great anatomical and chemical structural heterogeneity, low energy density, high moisture content and hygroscopicity, hydrophilic and with low calorific value. For their use, the application of thermal treatments, known as roasting, promote greater efficiency in the conversion to biofuels. In the present work the composition of the vegetal biomass, its thermal degradation, mass-energy yield and the chemical properties of the final product are analyzed. During the roasting process, an inert atmosphere and temperature intervals of 200 to 300 ° C are required. This can improve the energy characteristics of the biomass. The solids, liquids and gases obtained are used to generate heat energy. Solids have lower oxygen and moisture content; Which increases the calorific value, produces little smoke, is not fermented, is hydrophobic and resists rotting. The liquids are made up of water, acetic acid, furfural acid, formic acid, methanol, lactic acid, phenol, aldehydes and ketones. The gases generated are mainly CO, CO2, H2 and CH4. Finally, to characterize the properties and quality of biofuels, techniques of proximal and elemental analysis are used. The roasting process improves the chemical properties of vegetable biomass by increasing its quality as a fuel.

Keywords : Biofuels; bioenergy; energy density; pyrolysis; calorific value; heat treatment.

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