Resumo

LEON-DE LA ROCHA, Jorge Francisco et al. Phenotypic plasticity of beans under four nitrogen levels in Tehuacán. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2023, vol.14, n.2, pp.223-234.  Epub 19-Jun-2023. ISSN 2007-0934.  https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v14i2.3138.

Phenotypic plasticity is a property of bean crops in response to environmental stimuli, including nitrogen fertilization. This plant is endemic to Mexico and there are multiple genetic variants, which adapt to the different climates and microclimates of the country. Regarding the Valley of Tehuacán, Puebla, it is considered the center of origin of agriculture in Mesoamerica, because the oldest remains of corn and beans are dated there. Thus, the objective was: to evaluate the phenotypic plasticity of a bean from the Central Valleys of Oaxaca when sown in the Valley of Tehuacán, Puebla. The research was conducted under field conditions in Tehuacán, Puebla. The germplasm was the cultivar Rocha, which corresponds to a bean with black seeds and indeterminate growth. The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen 0; 50; 100 and 150 kg ha-1 and four repetitions, which were evaluated under a randomized complete block design. The response variables were: SPAD units, seed yield, total dry biomass, harvest index, heat units, evapotranspiration and incidence of bean bacterial blight. The results indicate that the highest agronomic yield was in treatments T2 and T1 with 8.74 and 7.09 g plant-1, while the highest biological yield was 22.15 g plant-1, for the treatment T2. The thermal integral was 1 322 HU, while the total evapotranspiration was 217.94 mm. Thus, the highest incidence of blight occurred in the control with 1.23%. It is concluded that the cv. Rocha can be a production alternative in the Valley of Tehuacán.

Palavras-chave : biomass; bean bacterial blight; heat units; yield.

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