Resumo

TAMAYO ESPANA, Luz Elena et al. Extracts by distillation of Origanum vulgare, Tradescantia spathacea and Zingiber officinale for handling of Moniliophthora roreri of Theobroma cacao. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2016, vol.7, n.5, pp.1065-1076. ISSN 2007-0934.

The cocoa is a crop of economic, social and environmental importance for the mexican southeast and world-renowned high given the quality of raw material for the production of chocolates. However, there are several factors that affect the quality of cocoa beans, being the main limiting disease. moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri) is the most dangerous and destructive crop, and there are few alternatives for organic management of this disease. Therefore, in this study was evaluated the inhibitory effect of the extracts obtained by distillation of Origanum vulgare, Tradescantia spathacea y Zingiber officinale on M. roreri. To which the fungus was isolated in the laboratory; extracts were prepared in fresh plant (300 g L-1 and 600 g L-1) and dried (45 g L-1 and 90 g L-1), each obtained in two water-alcohol ratios (10:0 and 10:1). The minimum inhibitory concentration (CMI) was determined by evaluating mycelial growth, total and germinated conidium. The analysis of variance and mean comparisons Tukey (p≤ 0.05%) was performed. The results show that the three plants have metabolites capable of inhibiting the growth and formation of conidium at concentrations of 50 and 40% in both fresh plant as dry, using the best extraction of alcohol, metabolites, and CMI was 40%. For complete inhibition of growth and development of M. roreri for the three plants were more effective extracts obtained from 300 g of fresh material L-1 and as a solvent water-alcohol 10:1 ratio.

Palavras-chave : cocoa; disease; inhibitory; organic agriculture; pathogen control.

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