Resumen

RAMIREZ GODINA, Francisca et al. Histological and morphological study of autotetraploid and diploid plants of tomatillo. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2015, vol.6, n.spe12, pp.2291-2299. ISSN 2007-0934.

Husk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa) is a species from Mexico, its importance lies in its high consumption in Mexico and export to the United States and Canada. Autopolyploids formation is an alternative to introduce new genetic potential in this species; however, the impact of artificial polyploidization on histology and morphology of plant is unknown, so it was proposed as objective to study histology and morphology of diploid plants (Rendidora) and autotetraploid. The plant material used were three autotetraploid (11, 16 and 20) selected based on yield and quality of fruit and rendidora diploid (19). The experiment was established in the field in General Cepeda, Coahuila in 2011, under a complete randomized block design with four replications, the useful plot were 10 plants. The morphological variables were: widths (AH), leaf length (LH), stem diameter (DT), flower diameter (DF) and plant height (AP). Histological were: leaf xylem vessels area (AXH), petiole (AXP), root (AXR) and stem (AXT), palisade parenchyma (LPEH) and lacunar parenchyma in leaf (APLH). Tetraploid showed leaf width and flower diameter significantly higher than diploid (p≤ 0.05); however in plant height diploid was significantly higher than autotetraploid. The area of xylem vessels of stem and root of autotetraploids showed significantly higher values (p< 0.01) than diploid according to Tukey test, also autotetraploid plants were more vigorous, an important characteristic in the improvement of this species, so this kind of studies provide data to understand the anatomical behavior of autotetraploids in tomatillo.

Palabras llave : Physalis ixocapa Brot; colchicine; histology; polyploidy; xylem vessels.

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