Resumen

ZAMUDIO-GONZALEZ, Benjamín et al. Agronomic efficiency of soil fertilization of macro nutrients in corn hybrids. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2015, vol.6, n.7, pp.1557-1569. ISSN 2007-0934.

Agronomic efficiency (AE) of soil fertilization of macro nutrients associated with vigor and production of new hybrids released for Valles Altos in the State of Mexico was calculated. With the concept "omission plots" of macro nutrients, modality of Liebigs law of the minimum, a full factorial test for Puma hybrids 1076, H-59, H-47, H-50 and Z-60 for eight fertilization doses was set. The formula "high yield" in kg ha^-1 was 240N-90 P₂O₅- 80 K₂O- 60S-50MgO-380CaO and labeled as (T8); and the subsequent omission of a macro-nutrient treatments were designed: T1(-N), T2(-P), T3(-K), T4(-S), T5(-Mg), T6(-Ca) amd T7 (from the "farmer" equivalent to 70% of NPK dose of "complete dose", but without S, Mg and Ca). It was seeded with 90 000 seeds per hectare in soil with "irrigation of establishment" on May 13^th in the town of Temascalcingo, State of Mexico at 2372 masl. By quadruplicated three groups of variables were measured 1) flowering plant; 2) mature cob; and 3) harvest. AE calculation was made with kg of corn grain produced per kg of NPK added to the soil; and was due to differences in corn grain yield from farmer control each omission plot of -N, -P and -K. The variables were analyzed with SAS and separated the means by Tukey 5%. Grain production was correlated with leaf greenness index, nitrate and potassium content in cell extract. The results indicated: AE of nitrogen was 20.9 kg of corn grain per kg of N applied to the soil, phosphorus 10.4 kg of grain per kg of P₂O₅ and potassium 8.41 kg of grain per kg of K₂O. Low production of corn grain was correlated to less than 35 SPAD units and less than 300 mg L^-1 of N-NO₃ were correlated.

Palabras llave : Zea mays L.; NPK; plant nutrition.

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