Abstract

LUNA FLORES, Maximino et al. Rainfed improved maize varieties derived from native varieties drought tolerant. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2015, vol.6, n.7, pp.1455-1466. ISSN 2007-0934.

In 2005 a research process began in 27 collections of native rainfed corn from Zacatecas, in order to generate improved varieties. In 2005 and 2006, the collections were tested in field under drought and non-drought conditions to select the most tolerant to drought; chosen collection numbers were: 5, 7 and 23. In 2007-2009, morphological characteristics from these collections were identified, physiological studies were made, stomatal density was quantified and subjected to individual selection of inbred plants with full competition; six compounds with different precocity were formed. In 2010 and 2011, the compounds underwent genetic recombination to achieve stability and in 2012 and 2013 were tested under drought conditions in Zacatecas, Zacatecas and under rainfed conditions in Valparaiso, Zacatecas. Two early compounds exceeded on average the three tests to the original varieties between 9.6% and 12.9% in grain yield and between 7.6% and 9.6% in stubble yield; as well as early check between 9.6% and 16.5% in grain yield and between 9.6% and 18.8% yield stubble. A semi-early compound exceeded the original variety 6.8% in grain yield, although it did not outperform stubble yield; semi-early check outperformed those 5.5% in grain yield and 8.8% in stubble yield.

Keywords : Zea mays L.; drought resistance; individual selection; landraces.

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