Abstract

CRUZ TUN DZUL, José de la et al. Diagnosis and evaluation of irrigation systems in the district 048 Ticul, Yucatán. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2011, vol.2, n.spe1, pp.5-18. ISSN 2007-0934.

Yucatán State has 48 308 ha of irrigation, which 9 689 ha out of them conform the Irrigation District 04 8, comprised of 179 units by pumping in which the current efficiency is about 40%. Water availability is not a problem, but the improper handling facilitates deterioration and contamination. The current situation was diagnosed and assessed by micro-sprinkler irrigation systems, in order to recommend appropriate technologies to the producer's technological level, and increase the efficiency of water use. In 2009, desk researching, surveys and interviews were conducted. In 2010, 30 units were evaluated by micro-sprinkler irrigation and sweet orange, in order to determine the irrigation efficiency. The results indicate that Leptosols occupy 60% of the studied area and there are also significant areas of Luvisols and Cambisols. The 90% is municipal property, and the sweet orange is the main crop, although the average area per farmer is two hectares, irrigated by micro-sprinkler systems. The users and irrigation units were classified based on their crops, irrigation and irrigation efficiency. Between 200 and 400 L are applied per tree each day, every three days. The irrigation distribution efficiency by micro-sprinkler irrigation is lower than 5 0% and the uniformity coefficient is less than 90% in all cases. The average overall efficiency is about 46.5%, which indicates that 53.5% of this valuable resource is wasted.

Keywords : coefficient of uniformity; irrigation efficiency; micro-sprinkler irrigation; orange.

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