Resumo

PRIETO GARCIA, Francisco et al. Arsenic bioaccumulation in the stages of development of malt barley (Hordeum distichon L.). Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2010, vol.1, n.1, pp.37-44. ISSN 2007-0934.

The contamination by arsenic in water and ground of Zimapán, Hidalgo, Mexico, causes that malt barley (Hordeum distichon L.) grown in this region, accumulates this element. The objective was to measure the levels of arsenic accumulated in organs and tissues of barley under controlled conditions, at different stages of development. Malt barley cv. Esmeralda was grown in 25 pots, five pots per differentiated trial. Trials include negative (not contaminated ground and water) and positive controls. Five plants by pot were used and the accumulation of arsenic in each one was evaluated in five organs: root, stem, leaf, glean and grain, at each of five stages of development (coleoptiles formation or first leaf, macollo or true leaves from an armpit first knot that becomes present separated from the ground and forms the first spike, formation of spikes and seed filling). A random block design with three treatments was used: with arsenic, positive control and negative control. Malt barley presented high accumulation of arsenic at different stages of development, directly proportional to the time of exposition. Roots presented the highest accumulation of arsenic (100 and 300 mg kg^-1), followed by leaves (80 to 180 mg kg^-1) and stem (70 to 110 mg kg^-1). The level of accumulation of arsenic in grains was between 40-90 mg kg^-1, amount that according to Argentinean norms can be considered as highly contaminated. For the bioaccumulation index (BI), the leaves presented the high values, classified as medium values (0.1-1) for green plants. This organ can be indicative of contamination level in the ground. The largest values for the BI were observed in the stem, this organ can be a malt barley specific indicator of the level of arsenic contamination.

Palavras-chave : bioaccumulation; contamination; crop; plant.

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