Resumen

MARINA CLEMENTE, José Antonio; GERONIMO ANTONIO, Víctor Manuel  y  PEREZ ABARCA, Juan Manuel. Effects of poverty and sociodemographic factors on high education: a Probit model applied to Mexico. Nova scientia [online]. 2018, vol.10, n.20, pp.539-568. ISSN 2007-0705.  https://doi.org/10.21640/ns.v10i20.1159.

Poverty is an issue that constraints people's access to goods and services and prevents them from improving their life quality and level. It is so important that international organizations such as the World Bank (WB), the United Nations Program for Development (UNPD) and other public organisms look for ways to balance its effects. Empirical evidence shows a strong link between poverty and education, the relation between both variables can be positive or negative, that is, a person in poverty has less possibility of accessing high levels of education and without them it is constrained to live in poverty. However, not only poverty brings an unequal access to education, there are other factors associated to this phenomenon that bring on low levels of education to young’s in school age. For that reason, the aim of this research is to use the Probit model in order to evaluate the effect of poverty (food and assets) and other sociodemographic factors on school attendance at a high level of young persons aged between 19 and 23. Using data of the Módulo de Condiciones Socioeconómicas de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (MCS-ENIGH) years 2008 and 2014 a data base was built which integrates “income, concentrated and population”. Later, the methodology of “Lines of Poverty” was applied to identify and measure the number of persons in poverty condition. By means of the Probit model, the marginal change in school attendance face to changes in the explanatory variables is evaluated. The results of the model show that, of the three levels of poverty, it is the food poverty the one which decreases the most the school attendance at high. The size of the household showed that, the increase of one individual in the household beyond its mean value, decreases the probability of school attendance, the age of the householder showed that, the increase of one additional year beyond its mean values, and increases the probability of school attendance. Of the analyzed factors, it is the rural variable, the one which reduces the most the probability of school attendance at the high level in the analyzed population, whereas, the level of education of the householder is the one which increases the most the probability of school attendance, i.e. It is the key element to break the intergenerational circle of poverty.

Palabras llave : school attendance; poverty; sociodemographic factors; Probit model.

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