Resumo

JAFALIAN, Annie. Globalization through Oil and Gas: Central Asia’s Predicament. Tla-melaua [online]. 2019, vol.13, n.47, pp.368-392.  Epub 07-Out-2020. ISSN 2594-0716.

Ever since Central Asian republics became independent after the collapse of the Soviet Union, oil and gas resources have been instrumental in helping them take part in the process of globalization. This article provides an overview of the way this has created both opportunities for and obstacles to political change in the region. The first part investigates the relationship between oil, gas, and state-building in the new geopolitical context that emerged in the 1990s. The second part examines the geo-economic opportunities created in the 2000s to unlock the area through regional energy cooperation. The third and last part assesses the impact of oil and gas revenues on domestic policy and transition to democracy in the 2010s. In short, with agreements on oil and gas extraction, production and export, Central Asian republics have succeeded in gaining political visibility on the international stage, and in improving their position in the global economy. But at the same time, Central Asian leaders have resisted political reforms and strengthened their authoritarian regimes, thereby creating the risks of growing political dissent and instability in the region.

Palavras-chave : Central Asia; oil; gas; globalization; cooperation; democratization; risks.

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