Resumo

UNGER, Kurt; GARDUNO, Rafael  e  IBARRA, José Eduardo. Especializaciones reveladas y ventajas competitivas en el Bajío mexicano. EconoQuantum [online]. 2014, vol.11, n.2, pp.41-74. ISSN 2007-9869.

This paper studies the economic competitiveness of the municipalities comprised in the Bajío Region in Mexico, highlighting the main activities in terms of their contribution to the gross domestic product and their integration and complementarity. The main unit of analysis are the six roads that define the spatial concentration of economic activity in the Bajío. Each of them is associated to an important metropolitan area. These are, in order of importance, Guadalajara, Querétaro, León, San Luis Potosí, Aguascalientes and Zacatecas. The most dynamic and important corridors feature a more diversified production structure. The others depend on fewer activities that represent a greater local importance almost like a stand-alone big factory. After all, the state capitals dominate the pace of the economic activity in the region. The most competitive corridors have higher levels of integration between neighboring municipalities. It is in larger metropolitan areas where traditional and other recently rooted sectors are observed. These entities gather better conditions to create dynamic externalities between neighboring municipalities and a variety of economic activities. In essence, it can be concluded that we cannot expect convergence within the region merely by the effect of time. On the contrary, productivity gains and the dynamics of external economies strengthens the competitive advantages of the main corridors of Bajío.

Palavras-chave : Política industrial; distribución espacial de la actividad económica regional; estudios sectoriales.

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