Resumo

VARGAS LEYVA, María Ruth. Export oriented «maquiladora» industry: Where is employment going?. Pap. poblac [online]. 2003, vol.9, n.37, pp.243-259. ISSN 2448-7147.

The National Border program was implemented on 1960. Since then, the maquiladora industry had growing becoming the most dynamic sector in mexican economy. Because maquiladoras involve U.S.-Mexico trade and their growth acceleration coincided with NAFTA's inception, many concluded the trade agreement was the cause. Nevertheless, on 2001 there was a significant cut back in maquilas employment. For some, the reasons are related with factors that impacted the sector, like the recently NAFTA rules. This article deals with the decrease of employment in the maquilas industry last year. There are evidence that the dynamic characteristic of the border region, nearest of U.S., are still important in the maquilas localization. The one conclusion can de draw here is that employment in maquilas industry will increase less rapid that in the two last decades, because a different kind of maquilas is taking shape, particularly second generation maquiladoras.

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