Resumen

RAMOS REYES, Rodimiro et al. Indicadores geomorfológicos para evaluar la vulnerabilidad por inundación ante el ascenso del nivel del mar debido al cambio climático en la costa de Tabasco y Campeche, México. Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex [online]. 2016, vol.68, n.3, pp.581-598. ISSN 1405-3322.

The rise in sea level may affect 50 % of the world population that lives on the seashores, including vast areas of the states of Tabasco and Campeche, Mexico. The objective of the study was to identify the vulnerability of the coast of Tabasco and Campeche to flooding by sea level rise, based on geomorphologic indicators. With a geopedological approach, geomorphological landscapes and reliefs were differentiated, and used as indicators of vulnerability on a coastal strip with an average width of 20 km. The indicators were classified from very low to very extreme vulnerability. Variables measured were landform, elevation, type of rock, geomorphologic process, and distance from the shore. Eight geomorphologic landscapes were found in a surface of 22322.3 km2. Plains constitute 67 % of the area and were created through a process of accumulation of recent unconsolidated sediments. The remaining area has landscapes of terraces and sets of hills where denudation and karstification processes prevail. The most vulnerable landscapes are the coastal plains, low plains of lagoon flooding, and marsh plains. Standing out for their greater exposure are the beach ridges, fluvial-marine plains, depression peats, salt plains, delta tide, coastal dunes, and slump of resurgences that cover 48 % of the coast. The most vulnerable zone includes various coastal cities that house 437836 habitants, as well as the ecological reserves Laguna de Terminos, Los Petenes and Pantanos de Centla.

Palabras llave : coast; sea level rise; vulnerability and coastal geomorphology.

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