Resumo

OLIVA-ORTIZ, Luz del C. et al. CONTROLLING FUSARIUM WILT OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) WITH NATIVE MICROORGANISMS OF SINALOA, MEXICO. Agrociencia [online]. 2017, vol.51, n.6, pp.683-695. ISSN 2521-9766.

Fusarium wilt in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has spread, due to the difficulty to control it. Chemical control diminishes the biodiversity and pollutes the environment, so sustainable measures must be developed to limit the disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the potential of Sinaloa’s native bacterial and fungal strains, as biological control agents of this disease in chickpea plants grown in greenhouses. Because native bacterial and fungal strains inhibit Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, the hypothesis was that those strains are an alternative to control fusarium wilt in chickpea. The radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, race 5 -the principal agent that causes this disease in Sinaloa- was evaluated to study the inhibition of biological control strains, using the dual culture technique in a PDA growing medium. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely random, with five repetitions per treatment; each repetition had ten pots, and each pot had two plants. Plant vigor, foliage wilt, and root canker were evaluated using a subjective scale; plant height (cm), chlorophyll (SPAD 502 units), wet and dry biomass (g), stem diameter (mm), and yield (g plant-1) were quantified. Trichoderma sp. HRG-060 native strain showed the highest in vitro mycelial inhibition (PIRC: 80.07%), due to its ability to colonize 100% of the surface of the mycelium that grew out of the pathogen in 3 d. The highest grain yield was obtained in plants with the Trichoderma sp. HRG-060 strain (6.13g plant-1); meanwhile, the Bacillus sp. T442 strain created a favorable atmosphere for the highest chlorophyll production (55.45 SPAD units), as well as the greatest wet and dry biomass weight (41.73 g plant-1 and 30.03 g plant-1, respectively).

Palavras-chave : biological control; native strains; Bacillus; Trichoderma; Pseudomonas; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris..

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