Resumen

ALBERIONE, E. Javier et al. Genetic behavior of different wheat genotypes against Fusarium graminearum. Agrociencia [online]. 2016, vol.50, n.3, pp.335-346. ISSN 2521-9766.

Fusarium graminearum is the principal Fusarium head blight (FHB) causal agent in Argentine wheat, diminishes yields, reduces grain quality and end-use, and liberates mycotoxins. The aim of this study was to identify new sources of resistance to FHB in Argentine wheat cultivars and lines for comparion with known resistant international cultivars. We evaluated the Triticum aestivum behavior against F graminearum indicative of resistance to wheat-spike penetration by FHB (type-I resistance). The assays were performed under field conditions in Marcos Juárez (62° 6' 7" W, 32° 41' 39" S; 116 masi), Córdoba province, Argentina, during spring 2010, with moisture controlled by a microsprinkler system. For this study we distributed 210 wheat varieties with spikes inoculated by hand-spraying on a hill plot, as the experimental unit, and they were planted and inoculated in duplicate. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks and results were analyzed by ANOVA and the Fisher-LSD test (p≤0.05) for comparing the mean values of incidence and severity among treatments. Resistance was evaluated through pathometric criteria and yields. The F graminearum isolate's high infectivity enabled disease evaluation for all wheat varieties. All variables, except incidence, were statistically different among the Argentine wheat cultivars, whereas only the thousand-grain weight differed significandy in the international cultivars. Of the 92 advanced wheat-line genotypes of three different growth cycles, 57 % were moderately resistant and 40 % moderately susceptible to infection. FHB resistance evaluated in all cultivars and domestic- and international-genotype lines identified varieties of five different disease-resistance levels. Knowledge of the genetic behavior can contribute to new crosses to generate varieties with improved resistance against FHB.

Palabras llave : Fusarium head blight; Fusarium graminearum; pathogenicity; resistance; Triticum aestivum; domestic and international wheat genotypes.

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