Resumo

MUNOZ, Zaida; MORET, Assumpció  e  BECH, Joan. Morphological and molecular characterization of Monilinia sp. isolates and pathogenicity on apple. Agrociencia [online]. 2008, vol.42, n.1, pp.119-128. ISSN 2521-9766.

Brown rot, or mummified fruit disease produced by Monilinia sp., causes major losses in production of species of the Rosaceae family. Three closely related species of Monilinia have been identified: M. laxa and M. fuctigena, of European origin, and M. fructicola, of American origin. In 2006 the Organización Nacional de Protección de las Plantas of Spain confirmed the presence of M. fructicola in two locations of Catalonia. To determine the possible spread of this species, which is subject to quarantine in Spain, 28 isolates of Monilinia sp. from different locations of Catalonia and the rest of the country were characterized morphologically and molecularly. Morphological characterization was performed by culturing the isolates in a potato dextrose agar medium, and given traits were determined after 4 and 7 d of incubation. The variables were coloring of the colony, shape of the edges and presence of stromatic masses. Isolates were also characterized molecularly using multiplex PCR with specific primers for the three species. To study pathogenicity of the isolates of both species, Golden Delicious apples were infected artificially; 72 and 96 h later diameter of the lesions was measured and sporulation was assessed. Of the isolates, 20% were identified as M. fructigena and 80% were M. laxa. The isolates of M. fructigena were significantly more aggressive than those of M. laxa 96 h after inoculation. It is concluded that centers of infection of M. fructicola in Spain have been pin-pointed and confined, and spread of brown rot is not observed in the locations studied.

Palavras-chave : Monilinia fructicola; Monilina fructigena; Monilinia laxa; Pyrus malus; pathogenicity; multiplex PCR.

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