Abstract

VASQUEZ-MORALES, S.G. et al. Evaluation of extracts of endemic trees (magnolia spp.) in Mexico against the fruit fly pest and preliminary phytochemical study. Polibotánica [online]. 2022, n.53, pp.167-182.  Epub Apr 04, 2022. ISSN 1405-2768.  https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.53.11.

The fruit fly pest caused by Tephritidae severely affects fruit crops in the world. Integrated pest management includes the spraying of synthetic broad-spectrum insecticides. Due to the long-term negative effects of the use of synthetic insecticides, botanicals extracts have been proposed as new ecological alternatives. In the study, the insecticide potential of Magnolia perezfarrerae, M. pugana and M. vovidesii was tested against Anastrepha ludens and A. obliqua through feeding bioassays, mixture of sugar and crude extracts of sarcotesta. In addition, qualitative chemical profiles were carried out to explore the composition of insecticide-effectiveness ethanol crude extracts of sarcotesta of four species of Magnolia. Qualitative chemical profiles were performed using thin layer chromatography based on seven polarity systems. Moreover, secondary metabolite clusters were identified through qualitative analyses. The insecticide-effectiveness of Magnolia extracts was higher than 93% against A. ludens in the first dilution, whereas the effectiveness against A. obliqua ranged from 66% M. perezfarrerae to 92% M. vovidesii. The extracts of Magnolia showed a wide variety of compounds with different polarity. Furthermore, the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols was detected in all species of Magnolia. The insecticide properties of Magnolia can contribute to the integrated management of Anastrepha.

Keywords : bioactivity; secondary metabolites; mexican fruit fly; botanical pesticides.

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