Resumen

ALVAREZ-HERNANDEZ, C.; CASTELLANOS-RAMOS, J. Z.  y  AGUIRRE-MANCILLA, C.L.. Exploration and characterization of populations of Carica papaya and Jacaratia mexicana: particularities of fruits. Polibotánica [online]. 2019, n.48, pp.43-57.  Epub 15-Jun-2020. ISSN 1405-2768.  https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.48.4.

Mexico conserves a great diversity of wild relatives of cultivated plants; for example, different Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Caricaceae species families. In the latter, the Carica and Jacaratia genus are the most notable for the similarity of the fruits, but still poorly studied. These populations develop under edapho-climatic and phytosanitary pressure. Due to the interest to take advantage of these materials, the objective was to identify, collect and characterize C. papaya and J. mexicana germplasm. Populations were identified in four Mexican states, sites were characterized and fruits were collected in the populations. Size, weight and number of seeds were registered, and germination. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and comparison of means, germination was percentage. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was performed. Ten populations were located, at altitudes lower than 900 meters above sea level, in subhumid and semi-dry warm climates. Small fruits were distinguished that correspond to populations of wild papaya and large fruits, the latter exceeding by more than 100% in size with respect to small fruits. The “bonetes” differ structurally by the ribs, but their dimension is close to the populations of semi-cultivated papaya. Germination ranged from 28.2% to 68.8% and eight of 10 populations germinated at 12 days. It is concluded that the germplasm of the wild populations showed similarity in the registered means, unlike the germplasm of the semi-cultivated populations, which suggests that they are in the process of domestication. The percentage germination was low and varied in the observation time. The multivariate analysis allowed us to classify three conjugated groups and one independent group.

Palabras llave : Bonete; Caricaceas; papaya; populations; wild relatives.

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