Resumen

GATJENS-BONICHE, O. et al. Vanilla mass propagation and protocormic callus formation from root tips. Polibotánica [online]. 2018, n.45, pp.157-180. ISSN 1405-2768.  https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.45.12.

The main research objective was the development of an efficient and rapid mass propagation methodology for Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews (Orchidaceae), as well as to generate plant structures based on their characteristics of totipotency, undifferentiation and regeneration capacities, which would allow the development and implementation of modern biotechnological techniques for non-traditional genetic improvement of this tropical species, which has an enormous cultural and economic value. As a result of this research, the conditions and protocols for the formation of an undifferentiated and totipotent structure were established, which was named protocormic callus, because it tends to form shoots and similar structures in appearence to those PLBs (protocorm-like bodies) characteristic of different species of orchids, under regeneration conditions. The protocormic callus were formed from a transitory and undifferentiated structure generated by root tips cultivated without the presence of light, in a liquid MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L of sucrose, 1 mg/L BAP and 1 g/L of hydrolyzed casein. This structure was named pre-callo andpresented a great morphological diversity when different experimental treatments were used, for this reason a morphotypic classification was established. Most of the protocormic callus formed in a solid MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/L of 2,4-D in the dark, with 72% (p<0.05). Two vanilla mass micropropagation methodologies, through indirect organogenesis (by pre-callo and protocormic callus induction), were established for the rapid and big scale reproduction of this species from a unique explant, which produced a high number of plants and decreased the time for their obtention. High propagation from pre-callo allows continuous autopropagation sustained in an exponential way through several consecutive cycles of multiplying, due to the ability that these structures present to form a big amount of shoots, which also develop roots, which form pre-callo again, in the same culture cycle, in liquid medium.

Palabras llave : Vanilla planifolia; micropropagation; pre-callus; protocormic callus; orchid.

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