Resumen

AZCOITIA MORAILA, Fernando; LOMBARD GARCIA, María Elisa  y  FLORES DOMINGUEZ, Carmina. The contribution of female academics to the performance of medicine and surgery. An historical review. Cir. gen [online]. 2014, vol.36, n.3, pp.186-191. ISSN 1405-0099.

The female academic is a person who promotes science or culture. An academic female surgeon is professional of prestige, a promoter of medicine, teaching and research. In Ancient Egypt, Merit Ptah is the fi rst female doctor who is mentioned by name in the history of medicine. In the American continent, the Mayan midwives developed the ability to predict the date of partum with some certainty. In the Middle Ages, Trótula, of the Salerno School is noted as a gynecologistobstetrician and author of medical books, while Allesandra Gillani performed dissections on cadavers along with the anatomist Mondino de Luzzi. In the 19th century, there emerged, at world level, a generation of women after the European Age of Enlightenment, who with courage, bravery and tenacity opened the doors to Universities for other women. Among these, are highlighted Elizabeth Blackwell and Mary Edwards Walker in the United States. At the beginning of the 20th century, the first women appeared in the registers of the American Medical Association and in the American College of Surgeons. In Mexico, Dr. Matilde P. Montoya Lafragua overcame the opposition to women who wanted to study medicine. With the support of the President Porfi rio Díaz, she managed to graduate in medicine, surgery and obstetrics in 1887. As occurred in other countries, the total integration of women into medicine was completed on the founding of the Mexican Female Doctors Association in 1926, and with the admission of the fi rst female doctor into the National Academy of Medicine in 1957.

Palabras llave : Academia; Medicine; Surgery; Feminine; History.

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