Abstract

PENA-LOMELI, Aureliano et al. Manual pollination in two tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm.) varieties under greenhouse conditions. Rev. Chapingo Ser.Hortic [online]. 2018, vol.24, n.1, pp.41-52. ISSN 2007-4034.  https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2017.02.011.

Manual pollination used in breeding programs is costly because it requires a large amount of labor, so it is necessary to optimize the process. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal time to carry out manual pollination efficiently in tomatillo. Closed flower buds with yellow coloration were covered and five manual pollination times (days one, two, three, four and five) and one non-pollinated control were evaluated in two families of the Diamante and Manzano varieties. A 5 x 2 x 2 factorial treatment design was used in a randomized complete block experimental design with four replicates. The experimental unit consisted of 10 floral buds. The number of fruits (NF), fruit weight (FW), total seed weight (TSW), total number of seeds (TNS) and weight of 100 seeds (W100S) were evaluated. The highest efficiency was obtained when manual pollination was carried out on the second and third days. The Diamante variety had a higher NF (7.8), TSW (2.315 mg) and TNS (1.415.8), while Manzano Tepetlixpa had higher FW (420.17 g) and W100S (191,538 mg). Family one of the Diamante variety was superior in TNS, but family two had larger seed size. In Manzano Tepetlixpa there were no differences between families. On the other hand, Diamante reached its highest seed production with pollination on day three, without statistically exceeding day two. Manzano had higher seed production when pollinated on day two, but did not statistically exceed day three. Therefore, it was determined that the optimal period of pollination in tomatillo is between two and three days after having covered the floral buds.

Keywords : fertilization; self-incompatibility; crosses; tomato races.

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