Abstract

GONZALEZ ORTEGA, Emmanuel  and  FUENTES PONCE, Mariela H.. DYNAMICS OF GLYPHOSATE IN SOIL AND ITS EFFECTS ON MICROBIOTA. Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient [online]. 2022, vol.38, 54197.  Epub Nov 09, 2022. ISSN 0188-4999.  https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.54197.

Glyphosate, the most used herbicide worldwide, disrupts the synthesis of essential aromatic amino acids, eliminating sensitive plants. Its use has increased with the implementation of genetically modified crops that are tolerant to this herbicide and with its adoption as desiccant in some annual crops. Glyphosate, classified as probable carcinogen, has induced adverse effects to human health and has exerted selective pressure on plants resistant to this herbicide. Commercial formulations of glyphosate include molecules such as polyoxyethylenamines and heavy metals. There is no precise data on the amount of glyphosate used in Mexican agriculture, but it has been monitored in soils, rivers, seas, and the bodies of people directly or indirectly exposed to the herbicide in several countries. Glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) have low mobility in soils due to its high adsorption capacity. Its mobility and decomposition depend on the structure of soils, the amount and quality of the organic matter, temperature, pH, and type of clay, among other factors. Edaphic microbiota and glyphosate correlate on-to-one. Some bacterial species uses glyphosate as C and P source, metabolizing the herbicide, while, in presence of glyphosate other species change their fitness. Glyphosate alters the mycorrhization capacity of several fungi species, deregulates the expression of genes essential in processes such as amino acids’ metabolism or pathways related with detoxification. Glyphosate affects several species of worms, decreasing their ability to recycle organic matter. It is necessary to aim scientific research in agriculture to reducing the use of highly toxic and persistent agrichemicals.

Keywords : glyphosate; AMPA; biodegradation; bacteria; fungi; microbiota; rhizosphere.

        · abstract in Spanish     · text in Spanish     · Spanish ( pdf )