Resumen

TROYO-DIEGUEZ, Enrique et al. Agotamiento hidro-agrícola a partir de la Revolución Verde: extracción de agua y gestión de la tecnología de riego en Baja California Sur, México. Estud. soc [online]. 2010, vol.18, n.36, pp.177-201. ISSN 0188-4557.

Some of the most significant advances in agricultural productivity in relation to water use and transfer of technology, as well as the benefits of the irrigation technology, are analyzed. Among the factors that affect productivity in arid zones, drought stress and water scarcity are some of the most relevant. Two reasons can be distinguished to develop hydro-agricultural improvements to face the prevailing conditions of aridity and water scarcity: the first one is to maximize the productivity and consequently the crop yield; the second is to improve the agroecosystems, including the infrastructure and their drought tolerance. In Mexico, in the last decade different activities have been promoted for conducting research, improving agriculture and transferring technology. The promotion of irrigation technology has been positive in some districts, such as the district 066 of the Santo Domingo Valley, in Baja California Sur, where the water productivity was increased from 2.1 to 5.3 pesos per m³ of applied water; in others, there is no evidence of positive changes, as in the district 038 of the Mayo River Aquifer, in Sonora, where productivity remained unchanged at 1.5 pesos per m³ of water. We reiterate that high-tech agriculture can threaten the environmental quality and that water issues can be even worse in the near future.

Palabras llave : drought; water short-age; water deficit; agricultural improvement; irrigation; irrigation technology; technology management.

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