Resumo

VELAZQUEZ-RODRIGUEZ, Enrique. Electrical cardioversion in atrial fibrillation. Rev. Mex. Cardiol [online]. 2012, vol.23, n.3, pp.134-150. ISSN 0188-2198.

Electrical cardioversion for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) was introduced in the early 1960s and remains today as the most effective and safe treatment for conversion to sinus rhythm. The optimal method for electrical cardioversion of AF includes appropriate patient selection as well as an appropriate electrical cardioversion technique. Factors that have been implicated in the success of transthoracic electrical cardioversion include those associated with: 1) the presence of heart disease; 2) the patient body habitus; 3) the energy applied; 4) the electrical waveform supplied and 5) miscellaneous. In view of the hemodynamic and thromboembolic consequences, conversion to sinus rhythm can be expected to reduce or abolish symptoms and morbidity associated with AF. The success of electrical cardioversion is high according to selected patient and the frequency of immediate or delayed recurrence post-cardioversion may be high and require the use of antiarrhythmics, especially in the presence of co-morbidities like heart failure or uncontrolled hypertension. The objective of concomitant antiarrhythmic therapy is to increase the likelihood of success and prevent recurrences, which must be considered individually taking into account especially the duration of AF and the presence and severity of heart disease. The possibility of successful electrical cardioversion is more likely in AF of short duration and absence of heart disease.

Palavras-chave : Electrical cardioversion; atrial fibrillation; transthoracic impedance; monophasic defibrillation; biphasic defibrillation; direct current.

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