Resumo

ROSALES-SERNA, Rigoberto et al. Phenology and water productivity in improved pinto bean varieties grown in Durango, Mexico. Rev. fitotec. mex [online]. 2021, vol.44, n.4, pp.511-519.  Epub 30-Nov-2023. ISSN 0187-7380.  https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2021.4.511.

Water is one of the most important inputs in bean production in the state of Durango, Mexico; the new improved bean varieties are not fully characterized by their response to this factor, which is necessary for the purposes of modernization and irrigation planning, as well as for the prediction of phenology, to improve water productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate phenology with the estimation of degree days (°D) and water productivity (WP) in two improved varieties of bean, under three levels of moisture by gravity irrigation, grown in Durango, Mexico. Pinto Saltillo and Pinto Centauro varieties were planted in the Spring-Summer season (SS) of 2015 and 2016 in Durango and in SS 2015 in Canatlán. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications in 2015 and eight replications in 2016. The experimental plot consisted of 12 to 32 rows of 8 to 10 m in length and 0.81 m apart. Three levels of moisture were applied consisting of total irrigation (TI: 100 % field capacity) and deficit irrigation (DI: 80 and 60 % with respect to TI). The irrigation sheet (Is), °D, days after sowing (das), phenology, grain yield and WP were registered. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05) were performed. Regarding the das and °D, Pinto Centauro showed earliness (flowering 40406 to 41430 and maturity 92893 to 99937 dasºD) compared to Pinto Saltillo (flowering 42438 to 45459 and maturity 93900 to 1031013 dasºD). Grain yield did not show significant differences in Durango, but in Canatlán significant differences were observed between moisture levels and varieties. The WP ranged from 3.3 to 8.0 kg ha-1 mm-1, which influenced the fluctuation in yield between 2546 and 3687 kg ha-1.

Palavras-chave : Phaseolus vulgaris; grain yield; irrigation; sustainability.

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