Resumo

MEAVE-DEL CASTILLO, María Esther; ZAMUDIO-RESENDIZ, María Eugenia  e  CASTILLO-RIVERA, Manuel. Phytoplanktonic richness of the Bahía de Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. Act. Bot. Mex [online]. 2012, n.100, pp.405-487. ISSN 2448-7589.

We present the inventory of the planktonic algal flora of the Bahía de Acapulco and surrounding marine area, studied through a decade, including an intensive bimonthly sampling study using plankton net, bottle method and the observation of live samples, from February 2010 to February 2011. It recognized 641 taxa, corresponding to eight algal divisions. The most diverse groups were Dinophyta and Bacillariophyta with 347 and 274 taxa, respectively. Photographs of 131 taxa are presented, corresponding to 38 new records for the Mexican Pacific, 34 taxa were not identified at species level, and 59 taxa represent some taxonomic or ecological interest. Species accumulation curves allow to recognize that the species richness observed in the present study represents a good approximation of the planktonic algal flora from the Bahía de Acapulco. However, more detailed studies over phytoflagellates and picoplankton are necessary. A biological characterization of the phytoplankton community was made according to organization level, type of nutrition, life form, potential harmfulness or toxicity, origin (freshwater, brackish or marine), affinity (neritic or oceanic) and distribution (cosmopolitan, cold-temperate or subtropical-tropical). It recognized the common species of the bay and those that have produced blooms. The high species richness of planktonic algal flora observed in Acapulco may reflect a variable trophic status throughout the year, with nutrient limitation at certain times, condition which agrees with the symbiotic relationships found among phaeosomes (cyanophytes), dinoflagellates and diatoms. However, some species indicative of pollution such as Euglena pascheri, Phaeocystis sp. and the presence of the consortium Leptocilindrus mediterraneus (diatom)-Solenicola setigera (protozoan), show that some times the concentrations of nutrients and organic matter can be high. The typical form of "amphitheater" that characterizes the bay causes that, during the rainy season, the system receives an input of large amounts of waste and sewage from the surrounding densely populated hills. However, Acapulco Bay seems to have a high resilience, probably as a result of a conjugated role between ocean currents (which produce a washing effect of the anthropogen pollution) and the purification produced by the functional diversity of the phytoplankton community.

Palavras-chave : Bacillariophyta; biodiversity; Dinophyta; new records; phytoplankton; tropical Eastern Pacific.

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