Resumo

PARRA TERRAZA, Saúl. Chloride/anions and sodium/cations ratios in the nutrient solution and mineral composition of tomato cultivars. Terra Latinoam [online]. 2016, vol.34, n.2, pp.219-227. ISSN 2395-8030.

Health problems in soils of the Culiacan valley have resulted in moving tomato cultivation toward the coast, where irrigation water is of lower quality. The high Na and Cl concentrations in the water can cause toxicity to plants or, by interacting with the nutrient solution (SN), can reduce nutrient availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Cl-anion and Na+ cation ratios in the nutrient solution on concentrations of Na, K, Ca and Mg in leaves and stems of two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cvs. Polaris and ISIS) produced in greenhouse. The experimental design was completely random with a factorial 32 arrangements and four replications. The factors were 1) Cl- anion (25, 50 and 75/100) ratios, and 2) Na+ cation (25, 50 and 75/100) ratios. An analysis of variance was performed and treatment means were compared using the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). In ISIS leaves, application of 75/100 Na+/cations and 25/100 Cl-/anions increased Na concentration (P ≤ 0. 05), while 75/100 Na+ cations with 25, 50 and 75/100 Cl- anion combinations reduced K concentration (P ≤ 0. 05). The 75/100 Cl- anion ratio in the nutrient solution reduced Na, K, Ca and Mg concentrations in leaves of the Polaris cultivar and Na, Ca, Mg concentrations in stems of the ISIS cultivar. The 75/100 Na+ cation ratio in the nutrient solution increased Na concentration in leaves and stems of the Polaris cultivar and decreased Ca and Mg concentrations in leaves of the ISIS cultivar. The results of this study show that 75% of total Cl- anions in the SN and 50-75% of total Na+ cations affect nutrient concentrations in leaves and stems of the Polaris and ISIS tomato cultivars.

Palavras-chave : nutrient concentration; nutrient imbalance; salinity.

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