Resumo

PULIDO MADRIGAL, Leonardo. Climate change, soil salinity and crop production in irrigation areas. Terra Latinoam [online]. 2016, vol.34, n.2, pp.207-218. ISSN 2395-8030.

The impact of climate on problems of salinity, drainage and crop production in Irrigation District 038 Rio Mayo, Sonora, affected by salts in 32% ofits area, is analyzed. With climate and agronomic data generated between 1970 and 2001, simple linear regression models were developed to study the relationship of the salinized areas to temperature, area affected by superficial water table levels, irrigation water volume and salinity, rainfall, crop production and water productivity. In addition, water table level was correlated with temperature, irrigation water volume and rainfall. Crop production was correlated with soil salinity, environmental temperature, areas affected by superficial water table and volume ofirrigation water. Moreover, multiple regression models determined the relationships of area affected by salinity and agricultural production to temperature, area affected by superficial water table levels, irrigation volume, area harvested and rainfall. The results showed that the increase in salinized area is related to an increase in temperature, leading to reduced yields and increased area with water table levels. It was found that there is an impact ofirrigation volumes on the rising water table levels and the increase of salinity-affected areas. There was an increase of affected areas of 24.1 and 15.8% in 0-30 and 30-60 cm depths, respectively, because of global warming. Also, an increase of 21.9% in drainage affected areas was estimated. Because of global warming a reduction of 18.9% of the agricultural production was estimated.

Palavras-chave : irrigation district; global warming; drainage; temperature; rainfall; irrigation volume.

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