Abstract

MORALES RIVERA, Aurelio et al. Comparison of yield components in bean varieties grown under restrictions of soil of acidity and residual soil moisture in southern Veracruz. Terra Latinoam [online]. 2015, vol.33, n.4, pp.309-319. ISSN 2395-8030.

The common black bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown in acid soils (pH<5) under residual soil moisture in the southern region of the State of Veracruz (Mexico). The crop is planted in approximately 6600 ha at the end of the rainy season in either September or October. Residual soil moisture and soil acidity frequently coincide with the seed formation period, reducing seed yield. This research work was conducted to characterize a group of common bean varieties with growth habit type III in terms of its seed yield and yield components under restrictions of residual soil moisture and soil acidity in high temperature conditions. Six varieties of black seed coat, six cultivars of the 'Flor de Mayo' type and one cultivar of the 'Flor de Junio' type were included. The experiment was conducted in the 2012-2013 autumn-winter season in the Municipality of Juan Rodriguez Clara, Veracruz. A complete randomized block design with four replicates was used; plots were five rows 5 m long and 0.8 m wide. Fertilization rate was 40-40-00. The varieties "Negro Veracruz", "San Andres", "Negro Cotaxtla 91" and "Flor de Junio Marcela" showed higher seed yield, pods per m2, 200 seed-weight and plant height, and they had lower final shoot biomass than the other cultivars. The range of genetic variability among varieties for final shoot biomass and plant height was broader than that for the other plant traits. The observed crop response in seed yield and its components suggests that some black seed coat varieties have developed mechanisms of tolerance to soil acidity, residual soil moisture, and heat stress during flowering and seed formation that allow them to produce high seed yields in spite of environmental stress. The variety "Flor de Junio Marcela" also showed potentially good adaptation to these harsh environments.

Keywords : final shoot biomass; harvest index; pods per m²; seed size; plant height.

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