Resumen

BECVORT-AZCURRA, Armando et al. Application of selenium in tomato: effects on plant growth, productivity and fruit antioxidant status. Terra Latinoam [online]. 2012, vol.30, n.4, pp.291-301. ISSN 2395-8030.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sodium selenite application in fertilizer solution and foliar spray on the concentration of selenium in fruit, stems and leaves of greenhouse tomato. The effect on plant growth, fruit production and total antioxidant status (TAS) of the fruits was confirmed. The experiment was divided into three stages: (1) application of selenium at 0, 10 and 20 mg L-1 in the fertilizer solution using three substrates: soil, peat moss and perlite; (2) application of selenium at 0, 2.5 and 5 mg L-1 in the fertilizer solution in soil and perlite substrate; (3) application of selenium at 0, 10 and 20 mg L-1 as a foliar spray every 20 days. Selenium at 10 and 20 mg L-1 in the fertilizer solution caused a negative effect on the biomass of plants in perlite. Selenium concentration in root and leaf tissue >15 μg g-1 was observed in the three substrates. Fruit production was higher with 10 mg L-1 but was unchanged or decreased with 20 mg L-1 in soil and peat moss. Applying the fertilizer solution with 2.5 and 5 mg L-1 of selenium did not change fruit yield or biomass in soil, but decreased in plants growing in perlite. In both substrates selenium concentration in root and leaf tissue was >10 μg g-1. Foliar application of selenium allowed accumulation of selenium of >10 μg g-1 in leaf tissue together with an increase in shoot biomass without increasing fruit production. Selenium concentration in fruits from control treatment plants was 6 μg g-1, reaching 20.89 μg g-1 when 5 mg L-1 of selenium was applied in the fertilizer solution. TAS of fruit decreased 25% in the treatment with 10 and 20 mg L-1 selenium applied in fertilizer solution. The rest of the selenium treatments increased TAS; specifically, by 36% when 20 mg L-1 of selenium was applied by foliar spray and 38% with 5 mg L-1 in fertilizer solution.

Palabras llave : Lycopersicon esculentum; redox balance; trace elements; sodium selenite.

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