Resumo

SANCHEZ-BERNAL, E.  e  ORTEGA-ESCOBAR, M.. Emergence of Potato Tuber Sprouts in Salinity Conditions. Terra Latinoam [online]. 2011, vol.29, n.2, pp.153-160. ISSN 2395-8030.

Salinity affects the growth of potato plants. However, it is unknown the response of potato tubers to sprout in different saline soil conditions where potato is cultivated in Mexico. For this reason, in experimental plots, the emergence was studied conditions of tuber sprouts Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Alpha in stress. Salinity was induced by salts of NaCl, NaHCO3, Na2SO4, CaCl22H2O, MgCl26H2O y MgSO47H2O and three types of salinity (sulphatic-chlorhidric, chlorhidric- sulphatic and sulphatic-sodic), to concentrations of 0 to 9.60 g L-1. Each type of salinity produced an osmotic and the toxic effect extended the period of emergency and decreased the sprouting of tubers in comparison to the control treatment; as salt concentration increased, it inhibited the emergence of terminal buds. This tendency to diminish the rate of sprout emergence was more evident for NaHCO3 and sulphatic-sodic salt treatments at high levels for; the effect is due to the destruction of tuber tissues and axilar buds caused by alkaline hydrolysis of sodium in the potato tubers. A mid-term decrease was produced by Na2SO4 > chlorhidric-sulphatic > sulphatic- chlorhidric > NaCl, and the minor decrease was recorded in tubers exposed to MgSO47H2O > MgCl26H2O = CaCl22H2O, in a range of 5.19 to 9.60 g L-1, this denotes salt tolerance levels for potato tubers. All treatment, except CaCl22H2O, at concentrations of 3.84 g L-1 to 9.60 g L-1, produced an abnormal increase in sprouting (stunted outbreaks and low growth).The retard in the emergence of sprouts and loss of apical dominance is due to: 1) the osmotic effect of NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl22H2O, sulphatic- chlorhidric salinity and chlorhidric-sulphatic salinity, and 2) the toxic effect of MgCl26H2O, MgSO47H2O, NaHCO and sulphatic-sodic salinity. Tubers sprang asnormal in CaCl22H2O, wich is required by tubers.

Palavras-chave : sprouts; salinity conditions; osmotic effect; toxic effect.

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