Resumo

GONZALEZ OLLINO, Daniela  e  RODRIGUEZ VIGNOLI, Jorge. Spatial Redistribution and Internal Migration of the Population in Chile Over the Past 35 Years (1965-2002): A Summary of the Hypotheses and Evidence. Estud. demogr. urbanos [online]. 2006, vol.21, n.2, pp.369-406.  Epub 22-Jan-2020. ISSN 2448-6515.  https://doi.org/10.24201/edu.v21i2.1253.

In the analysis of the trends in the population’s spatial distribution and migratory flows, three issues contrast with the evidence yielded by the microdata processing of the last three housing and population censuses in Chile (1982, 1992 and 2002). The first concerns the concentration of the Chilean population in the Metropolitan Area of Greater Santiago (MAGS), and the political and administrative region in which it is located (Metropolitan Region or RM). Two competing hypothesis are compared with the data, one suggesting the prevalence of the migratory attraction of MAGS and RM, as a result of their capacity to continue leading economic dynamism and the other proposing a change of orientation of the flows, after which MAGS and RM would end up with a negative balance because of the loss they would experience in the exchange with more dynamic regions, which would be better positioned within globalized production. The data suggest that during the second half of the 1990s, the Metropolitan Region and MAGS began to act as areas of net emigration, but that paradoxically, this failed to revert the increase in the concentration of the national population in them, due to the combined effect of over-average natural growth and the high absorption of international immigrants. The second issue refers to the processes of regional convergence and the role of migration in them, about which there are several hypotheses, concerning both the existence of this process in various socio-economic dimensions and the effect of internal migration flows in it. The impact of migration on the regional educational attainment levels is evaluated using novel procedures that operate with census microdata-and which are submitted for discussion. The results indicate that during the past two census periods, migration between regions has favored -albeit only slightly- the convergence of regional educational attainment. Finally, the third issue is relative to urban segregation, a propos of which the author discusses the hypothesis of a reduction of its levels and a remodeling of its forms as a result of the displacement of certain high-income families to peripheral, poor communes in MAGS. The evidence produced and analyzed indicates that intra-metropolitan migration plays a dual role, since while it reduces the scale of segregation, it continues to be a force that tends to increase the socio-economic gaps between communes. The authors conclude by saying that in order to promote migratory flows in keeping with the regional development strategy, and prevent the consolidation of areas of entrenched poverty in the cities, where it invariably tends to be reproduced, territorial policies are required, to reinforce tendencies derived from the actions of markets and to offset the trends derived from the unrestricted effects of supply and demand.

Palavras-chave : internal migration; spatial distribution of the population; metropolitanization; residential segregation; intra-metropolitan displacement; population and territorial policies.

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