Resumen

CASANOVA-RODAS, Leticia; RASCON-GASCA, María Luisa; ALCANTARA-CHABELAS, Humberto  y  SORIANO-RODRIGUEZ, Alejandra. Social support and family functionality in people with mental disorder. Salud Ment [online]. 2014, vol.37, n.5, pp.443-448. ISSN 0185-3325.

Antecedents When a family member suffers from a mental disorder, such as schizophrenia, and a relative takes on the role of caregiver, social support is crucial to successfully addressing family functionality and the problems this may cause. Objective Determine the factors of social and structural support associated with the perception of family functionality in persons with a mental disorder and family caregivers. Material and method This is a descriptive, corelational, cross-sectional, non-probabilistic study, with sequential participation. Subjects were divided into two groups: 72 outpatients diagnosed with a mental health disorder, and 66 kinship caregivers. Three instruments were used: an MOS Questionnaire, an APGAR-Family Questionnaire and a Duke-UNC-11 Questionnaire. Results 58.2% of the patients perceived family functionality (APGAR); 19.4%, severe dysfunctionality, and 22.2%, slight dysfunctionality. Among relatives, 66.7% perceived family functionality; 10.6%, severe dys-functionality, and 22.7%, slight dysfunctionality. In the Structural Support Report (MOS), a statistically significant difference was observed (t=2.478, gl=136, p=0.014) in the perception of instrumental support among patients (̅x=11.68) and relatives; the latter perceiving the least instrumental support (̅x=9.91). In functional social support (Duke-UNC-11) no difference (t=1.170; gl= 136, p=.244) was indicated between relatives (̅x=40.36) and patients (̅x=38.07). The linear regression model showed that patients with the longest period of evolution and diagnosis of schizophrenia predict dysfunctionality, whereas social support predicts functionality (p<.001). Among relatives, longer periods of evolution indicated dysfunctionality, while social support predicted functionality (p<.001). Conclusion It is clear that social support plays an important role in family functionality in patients suffering from mental problems and kinship caregivers. In patients, it was observed that the greater the AS, the higher the degree of family functionality. Among relatives, structural support showed an increased perception of family functionality, which reduces the likelihood of relapses and hospitalization.

Palabras llave : Social support; user; family functionality; caregiver; mental disorder.

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