Resumo

HERNANDEZ, Emilio et al. Yeast efficacy for mass rearing of Anastrepha ludens , A. obliqua and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Acta Zool. Mex [online]. 2016, vol.32, n.3, pp.240-252. ISSN 2448-8445.

The inactive yeast powder is the single ingredient available as sources of protein in the larval diets for mass rearing of all species of fruit flies, providing a protein of high biological value, B vitamins, carbohydrates and essential fats. In addition, it is the most expensive ingredient, thus we are continuously looking for low-cost alternatives. Since the establishment of mass rearing production of A. ludens in 1994, and A. obliqua in 1997, we have used torula yeast of a single trademark, which creates a dependency. Inactive dry yeasts available in the market, could be used potentially in the diet preparation for mass rearing of fruit flies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the physicochemical and microbiological parameters describing the composition of yeasts are efficient, assessed through the establishment of experimental and semi-massive bioassays in the preparation of larval diet for mass rearing production. Six commercial yeasts for rearing and larval development were evaluated for Anastrepha ludens, A. obliqua and Ceratitis capitata strain Vienna 8 TSL without chromosomal inversion, in the Moscafrut and Moscamed facilities (SAGARPA-IICA) at Metapa de Domínguez (Chiapas, Mexico). Yeasts were selected on the basis on three stages: 1) the physical, chemical and microbiological characterization. The physicochemical traits consisted of determination of moisture content, pH, acidity, solubility, density and protein content; while the microbiological characterization was assessed through total content of fungi, yeasts and coliforms. 2) Experimental bioassays. To evaluate the performance and quality of flies produced, initially six trademarks were used; and (3) Assessment to semi-massive scale. According to performance parameters, the semi-massive bioassays were conducted with three finalist brands: Lake States, Lallemand LBI2163b, and Nutribio for A. ludens and A. obliqua; and Lake States, Lallemand LBI2163b, and Nupro yeast extract were used for C. capitata. Prior to these bioassays, the content of vitamins and amino acids of the three finalist brands was determined. The results of the microbiological and physico-chemical parameters evaluated, including the composition of amino acids, minerals and vitamins, did not allow to determine the effectiveness of yeasts for mass rearing of Anastrepha ludens, A. obliqua and C. capitata. However, Nutribio and Lallemand LB12163b yeasts are an alternative for mass rearing of A. ludens and A. obliqua. The assessment of yeasts in the larval diet also requires experimental bioassays including sexual competition as a variable of response.

Palavras-chave : larval diet; protein source; sterile insect technique; mass rearing; Vienna 8 TSL.

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