Abstract

NICTE-HA TUZ CASTELLANOS, Karen et al. Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome: A Literature Review. Rev. Fac. Med. (Méx.) [online]. 2022, vol.65, n.1, pp.47-58.  Epub Mar 30, 2022. ISSN 2448-4865.  https://doi.org/10.22201/fm.24484865e.2022.65.1.08.

The delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) is a neurological dream disorder with a multifactorial etiology. It consists of a change between the time of going to sleep and the time of waking up, thus affecting the sleep-wake cycle. This disorder affects people of all ages, nevertheless it has increased in young people due to the use of blue-light emitting electronic devices, such as cell phones, computers, tablets, and others. The use of these short-length waves devices (430- 460 nm; blue light) stimulates the retina’s photoreceptive ganglionic cells inducing the synthesis and secretion of melanopsin. This will inhibit eventually the production and secretion of melatonin, a sleep-inducing hormone produced by the pineal gland. The prevalence of this syndrome is not well known since it is an underestimated entity. Previous studies show that 16% of the young population worldwide, suffers from this clinical entity. The short and long-term consequences of DSPS are: headaches, somnolence, fatigue, cognitive decline, metabolic and immunologic dysregulation, as well as mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and bipolarity disorder. Its diagnosis is made following standardized criteria and using subjective tools such as the medical history and a sleep diary. The treatment focuses on pharmacological and nopharmacological options, such as: melatonin administration, behavioral therapies, and short-length wave blocking devices. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of DSPS and emit recommendations to diminish the long-lasting use of blue light-emitting devices.

Keywords : Sleep Disorders; Circadian Rhythm; Diagnosis; Treatment; Prognosis.

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