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Agrociencia
versión On-line ISSN 2521-9766versión impresa ISSN 1405-3195
Agrociencia vol.41 no.4 Texcoco may./jun. 2007
Fitociencia
Efecto de la deficiencia de fósforo en el metabolismo de carbono de plántulas de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris)
1Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 04510. México, D. F. (emtz@servidor.unam.mx).
2INIFAP. Campo Experimental Bajío. 38000. Apartado Postal 112. Celaya, Guanajuato, México.
El fósforo (P) es un nutriente esencial para las plantas. Hay genotipos de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris) que son menos afectados, pero la falta de una caracterización adecuada de sus respuestas bioquímicas a la carencia de P ha limitado su uso en programas de mejoramiento. En este artículo se reportan diferencias notables entre los genotipos Canario 60 (C60) y MAR1 a la falta de P: el peso seco de la raíz se redujo en proporciones similares, pero el impacto sobre la parte aérea fue mayor en C60. La falta de P no alteró la relación entre P soluble y total en hojas jóvenes y hojas maduras, pero la incrementó en la raíz de MAR1. La carencia de P modificó los niveles de glucosa, fructosa, sacarosa y almidón en hojas y raíces. Se propone que el uso eficiente el P, su movilización de la raíz a las hojas, y el mantenimiento de la capacidad para exportar fotosintatos, son cualidades de la planta que pueden mejorar el desempeño del cultivo cuando la cantidad de P asimilable no es suficiente.
Palabras clave: Phaseolus vulgaris; fosfato; nutrición
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plants. There are genotypes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that are less affected, but the lack of an adequate characterization of their biochemical responses to the lack of P has limited their use in breeding programs. In this article notable differences are reported among the genotypes Canario 60 (C60) and MAR1 to the lack of P: the dry weight of the root was reduced in similar proportions, but the impact on the aboveground part was greater in C60. The lack of P did not alter the relationship between soluble and total P in young leaves and mature leaves, but increased it in the root of MAR1. The lack of P modified the levels of glucose, fructose, saccharose and starch in leaves and roots. It is proposed that the efficient use of P, its mobilization from the root to the leaves, and the maintenance of the capacity to export photosynthates, are qualities of the plant that can improve the performance of the crop when the amount of assimilable P is not sufficient.
Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris; phosphate; nutrition
AGRADECIMIENTOS
Se agradece el apoyo de Carmen Parra y de Laurel Fabila, así como el financiamiento otorgado por DGAPA (IN201502) y Facultad de Química, UNAM (PAIP 6290-13 y 6290-14).
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Recibido: Abril de 2006; Aprobado: Febrero de 2007
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
