Introduction:

The aim of the study was to compare peripapillary and macular vascular density (VD) measured with optical computed tomography angiography (OCTA) between patients with preperimetric glaucoma (GP), ocular hypertension (OHT) and healthy.

Material and methods:

Cross-sectional, cohort, observational and prospective study. 90 eyes of 90 patients were included, divided into: 30 with GP, 30 with HTO and 30 healthy; during October 2020 to January 2021. Scanning source OCTA (SS-DRI OCT; Triton, Topcon, Japan) was used.

Results:

We found a statistically significant difference in the macular DV between the 3 groups (ANOVA p < 0.001), but not in the peripapillary DV (ANOVA p = 0.081). In the analysis by quadrants of the macular and peripapillary DV, we found statistically significant differences in all, except in the quadrant temporal (ANOVA p = 0.449) and nasal (ANOVA p = 0.532) respectively. All retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses were significantly reduced in the temporal (ANOVA, p = 0.001) and inferior (ANOVA p = 0.011) quadrants. When correlating RNFL and its corresponding macular and peripapillary DV, it was not significant in any of the quadrants of the GP group.

Conclusions:

OCTA is a promising technology that allows non-invasive visualization of peripapillary and retinal capillaries. There is a difference significant in the average vascular density and by sectors among patients with GP, HTO and healthy. It is not yet clear whether structural damage precedes vascular damage.

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