Objective:

To evaluate the differences and similarities in clinical picture, laboratory findings and outcomes between children's with Kawasaki Disease (KD) versus multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C).

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective, comparative study from children with Kawasaki Disease (KD) hospitalized in Sinaloa Pediatric Hospital from January 1, 2004, to March 31, 2020, and patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) according with World Health Organization (WHO) case definition criteria between May 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021. Demographic characteristics, epidemiological data, clinical features, laboratory findings, type of treatment and clinical outcomes were compared among both groups.

Results:

Eighty-one patients were included (62 patients with KD and 19 with MIS-C). several clinical and laboratory differences were found among these two entities. Median age was lower in KD vs. MIS-C (25 vs 79 months). Those finding more frequent in KD were male gender (64.5 vs. 47.4%), Mucocutaneous features (93.5 vs. 63.2%): Oral changes (83.9 vs. 63.2%) and extremity changes (77.4 vs. 57.9%); complete form of KD was (75.8 vs. 47.4%), Coronary artery aneurysm (16.1 vs. 11.8%). Secondly, findings that were more frequent in MIS-C than KD were Gastrointestinal involvement (89.4 vs. 9.6%), shock (57.9 vs. 3.2%), neurological symptoms (63.1 vs. 11.2%), kidney involvement (52.6 vs. 16.1%), heart disease in general (52.9% vs 29%): Myocardial dysfunction (23.5 vs. 11.3%) and pericardial effusion (17.6 vs. 2.9%). Lymphocyte count (2.07 + 2.03 vs. 4.28 + 3.01/mm3), platelet count (197.89 + 187.51 vs. 420.37 + 200.08/mm3); serum albumin (2.29 + 0.65 vs. 3.33 + 0.06g/dL), and CPR (21.4 + 11.23 vs. 14.26 + 12.37 mg/dL). KD vs. MIS-C types of Treatment: IVIG (96.8 vs. 94.7%), systemic steroids (4.82 vs. 94.7%), IVIG resistance (19.4 vs. 15.8). Finally, mortality in KD was 0% and 5.3% in MIS-C.

Conclusion:

Similarities were found in both groups such as fever, rash, and conjunctivitis. Nevertheless, significant differences such as severity of clinical presentation with multi-organ involvement and worst inflammatory response were found more frequently in MIS-C group than KD group, requiring more fluid replacement, use of inotropic agents and higher steroids dosages. Also, mortality rate was higher in patients with MIS-C than patients with KD. Similar results have been observed in other studies where both disorders were compared.

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