Resumo

VELAZQUEZ, Mario Alberto. The two Latin Americas. State mechanisms in the Latin American region in the face of mining protests. Intersticios sociales [online]. 2018, n.16, pp.317-345. ISSN 2007-4964.

Sever since Latin American states achieved independence, they have sought to consolidate and reconcile two fundamental concepts: citizenship and nation, a citizen-oriented project that has had distinct degrees of scope and institutionalization in different nations. One common feature in most countries in this region is the disparity that exists between the consolidation of citizenship in urban and rural spaces. It is in this context that the present article set out to verify the following premise: that Latin American states apply a set of differentiated control mechanisms for protests that take place in rural vs. urban areas. In the former, the exercise of citizenship is limited and, in many cases, protests are repressed and controlled using tactics both authoritarian and illegal. In cities, in contrast, social protests have been institutionalized as a right of citizens. This difference is thus related to the processes of building citizenship in these two contexts, but also to global actors -international companies and drug-traffickers, among others- that generate forms of control and intervention that lie outside the capacities or interests of contemporary Latin Americans states. The central interest of this article, then, is in social protests in rural Latin America, specifically those collective actions that oppose projects which propose building dams, opening mines or other major changes in resource use in rural areas.

Palavras-chave : Social movements; Latin America; states; mining protests.

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