Clinical case description:

A patient in regular contact with cattle and sheep presented with asthenia, anemia, and fever of unknown origin. Among the complementary studies carried out, an abdominal CT scan revealed a calcified renal mass. Brucellosis was suspected, and after a positive Bengal Rose test, antibiotic therapy was begun. Right nephrectomy was performed through lumbotomy and the diagnosis was confirmed by the surgical specimen, with a PCR test positive for Brucella melitensis.

Relevance:

There are very few cases of renal brucelloma reported in the literature, thus the description of cases that arise is important to broaden the knowledge of the pathology and its treatment.

Clinical implications:

Noninvasive tests are often not sufficient for making the diagnosis. The surgical approach, together with antibiotic therapy, is the treatment of choice in the majority of the cases reported in the literature.

Conclusions:

Brucellosis is an uncommon disease, but endemic in certain areas. Diagnosis tends to be made in the context of evaluating cases of fever of unknown origin. The combination of antibiotic therapy and surgery is the usual treatment for renal brucelloma.

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