Resumo

GONZALEZ JIMENEZ, Rosa María. De cómo y por qué las maestras llegaron a ser mayoría en las escuelas primarias de México, Distrito Federal (finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX): un estudio de género. RMIE [online]. 2009, vol.14, n.42, pp.747-785. ISSN 1405-6666.

The paper analyzes how and why, in the early 20^th century, women came to constitute the majority of elementary school teachers in Mexico City. A study is made of the statistical tendencies during the time period, the criteria for hiring and promotion, and the professional profile of teachers by sex, as well as the discourses on women and teaching. In 1875, 56.8% of all teachers were women; thirty years later, out of 1,046 teachers, 76.2% were women. Tw o factors were decisive: a) educational opportunities were created for girls to attend elementary school in numbers equal to their male classmates, reflected in employment opportunities for female teachers; and b) men became uninterested in attending normal school, while a large numbers of female teachers were certified. In conclusion, I analyze the discourses on sexual difference.

Palavras-chave : elementary education; gender studies; history of education; feminism; female teachers; Mexico.

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