Resumo

SALINAS MORALES, J.L. et al. Yield components of Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn. in Guerrero, Mexico. Polibotánica [online]. 2022, n.54, pp.101-121.  Epub 12-Set-2022. ISSN 1405-2768.  https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.54.7.

Young plants of Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn. are food for humans and animals and have been used in herbalism since pre-Hispanic times in Mexico and Central America, where they grow wild, as weeds or incipiently cultivated. Evidence indicates that seeds from wild populations is needed for commercial cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield components of wild plants of C. longirostrata and their relationship with the collection site. Plants in reproductive stage were collected in Las Vigas, Ometepec and Llano Grande de los Hilarios Igualapa, Guerrero, Mexico. The variables evaluated were number of: branches, clusters, fruits and seeds per plant, fruits per cluster and per branch, seeds per cluster, per branch and per fruit, and seed yield per plant. The diameter, length and biomass of the fruits and seeds of a locality were also determined. Soil samples from the collection sites were analyzed. With the exception of the number of seeds per fruit (8 to 10), the yield components varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) between locations. The number of branches (11 to 19), clusters (31 to 101) and fruits (332 to 1284) per plant, of fruits per branch (31 to 62), and number of seeds per branch (287 to 553) and per plant (3054 to 10707), as well as the seed yield (32 to 110 g per plant) were higher in Las Vigas locality. This locality has a warm sub-humid climate, rains and heat waves in summer, includes agricultural and livestock management and sandy loam soil, with lower field capacity and permanent wilting point, but with cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable P and K content higher than the other sites. In general, the plants of Llano Grande de los Hilarios Igualapa presented the lower components of yield and seed yield; this locality was differentiated by the absence of anthropic activity, its climate is semi-warm-humid, with rains in summer and loamy soil, with more N, less extractable P, higher content of exchangeable Ca and higher electrical conductivity than in the other localities. In its wild environment, plants produce thousands of seeds regardless of the location where it grows.

Palavras-chave : “chipilín”; clusters; branches; fruits; seeds; stem; valves.

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