BACKGROUND:

Diffuse peritoneal deciduosis is a rare benign entity, with a macroscopic appearance like pathologies such as carcinomatosis and peritoneal tuberculosis. The suspected diagnosis is usually made as a finding during a surgical procedure.

OBJECTIVE:

to describe the clinical, histopathological, and prognostic characteristics of a clinical case of diffuse peritoneal deciduosis as an intraoperative finding.

CLINICAL CASE:

A 24-year-old patient with no history of interest, in a 38.6-week pregnancy, undergoing cesarean section for obstetric indication, with an intraoperative finding of suspected peritoneal carcinomatosis: multiple stony, friable, and whitish nodules. After the intervention, ultrasound and computed tomography were performed with findings of multiple abdominal organs peritoneal implants. The pathological and immuno-histochemical study showed diffuse peritoneal deciduosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Peritoneal deciduosis is a benign physiological phenomenon. In its diffuse form, it is important to make the differential diagnosis with proliferative lesions or infectious processes.

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