Revisión

 

Materiales para ánodos, cátodos y electrolitos utilizados en celdas de combustible de óxido sólido (SOFC)

 

J. Alvarado-Flores and L. Ávalos-Rodríguez

 

Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Santiago Tapia 403. Morelia, Michoacán. México. Tel.: +52 443 3223500 1115 e-mail: cedhryck@hotmail.com

 

Recibido el 23 de julio de 2012
Aceptado el 29 de octubre de 2012

 

Resumen

Las celdas de combustible de óxido solido (SOFC), son reactores electroquímicos que pueden convertir directamente la energía química de un combustible en energía eléctrica con gran eficiencia, pueden reducir sustancialmente la dependencia del petróleo y el impacto ambiental. La tendencia actual de la investigación en celdas SOFC, está dirigida al uso de los combustibles hidrocarburos disponibles, tales como el gas natural. Además, estas celdas presentan ventajas adicionales como por ejemplo el uso en alta temperatura para cogeneración o aplicaciones híbridas, así como la capacidad para el reformado interno. En este artículo se muestran los materiales más utilizados para la fabricación del ánodo, cátodo y electrolito que conforman las celdas SOFC.

Descriptores: Materiales; ánodo; cátodo; electrolito; celda de combustible de óxido sólido.

 

Abstract

Fuel Cell Solid Oxide (SOFC), are electrochemical reactors that can directly convert the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy with high efficiency, can substantially reduce oil dependency and environmental impact. The current trend in SOFC research is directed to the use of available hydrocarbon fuels, such as natural gas. Moreover, these cells have additional advantages such as high temperature use in cogeneration or hybrid applications as well as for internal reforming capability. This article show the most commonly used materials for the manufacture of anode, cathode and electrolyte comprising the SOFC.

Keywords: Anode; cathode; electrolyte; solid oxide fuel cell.

 

PACS: 82.47.Ed

 

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