Resumen

HECHAVARRIA-PEREZ, Lesyanny et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiproliferative activity of callus extract derived from Acalypha californica Bentham. Polibotánica [online]. 2023, n.56, pp.203-223.  Epub 18-Sep-2023. ISSN 1405-2768.  https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.56.11.

Acalypha californica Bentham is a plant used by the ethnic groups of Sonora to treat cancer; however, it is a plant that is not cultivated, in such a way that the species grows in habitats exposed to anthropogenic activities and indiscriminate collection, resulting in a significant decrease in wild populations. In addition to the above, the biological activities related to the antiproliferative processes (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) attributed to the species have not been evaluated. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to establish the adequate conditions for the growth of A. californica calluses, as well as to characterize chemically and biologically the ethanolic extract of the generated calluses. First, for callus production, explants were used from leaves, petioles, buds, and nodal segments of A. californica, which were inoculated in Woody Plant Medium (WPM), supplemented with indole butyric acid (AIB), benzyl amino purine (BAP) or kinetin (CIN) in a range of 0.5-2.0 mg/L. The lyophilized callus extract was generated by maceration with 70% ethanol and its antiproliferative activity was measured by the MTT assay in the human cancer cell lines A549, HeLa and MCF-7. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH and FRAP assays and by measuring the content of total phenols and flavonoids (TPC and TFC). The antiinflammatory activity was estimated through the inhibitory capacity of nitric oxide in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS. Finally, a chemical profile of the compounds presents in the ethanolic extract of the callus was generated using mass spectrometry. Resulting that the buds were the most callogenic explant, with a 55.60% induction in the concentration of 1.5 mg/L of AIB. While the ethanolic extract of A. californica calluses did not show significant activity on the cell lines tested; however, it presented a high content of TPC and TFC with values ​​of 2.6±0.25 mmol GAE/g of extract and 1.56±0.25 mmol QE/g of extract; as well as a significantly high antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical stabilization method (EC50 44.85±1.22 (g/mL) and FRAP (1.58±0.15 mmol of Fe2+/g of extract). The ethanolic extract from A. californica calluses inhibited nitric oxide production by 24% compared to control cells. In the chemical profile of the ethanolic extract of the calluses, structures belonging to phenolic acids and flavonoids were found mainly. In this way, it was concluded that to develop effective calluses of A. californica, the buds of the plant must be cultivated in WPM+1.5 mg/L of AIB. Additionally, it is concluded that phenolic compounds are responsible for the high antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity presented by the ethanolic extract of the calluses obtained.

Palabras llave : Acalypha californica; cancer; phenolic compounds; callus culture.

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