Resumen

AGAPITO AMADOR, María Eugenia et al. Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands in avocado. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2022, vol.13, n.spe28, pp.331-341.  Epub 13-Ene-2023. ISSN 2007-0934.  https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v13i28.3287.

The objective of this review is to present the epidemiological status of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands in interaction with Persea americana Mill. and the authorized phytosanitary management alternatives. The trial was conducted based on reports from official and scientific authorities on plant health, of epidemiological outbreaks of the avocado sadness disease caused by P. cinnamomi. Worldwide, the loss of avocado trees was exponential, due to the disease caused by the oomycete P. cinnamomi, which presented epidemiological behavior at the national and international levels. In 1942, in Puerto Rico, the pathogen was isolated for the first time by Tucker in avocado plants. In Mexico, the first epidemiological outbreak due to this pathogen was in 1952, with losses of 90% of avocado production, the distribution of the disease spread to different parts of the world. In favorable conditions it affects the root and base of the crown, invades vascular bundles and takes the nutrients for its development. Pathogenesis is influenced by temperature, precipitation, moisture, pH, nutrient availability, and soil texture. In the field, the biological effectiveness of the molecules, for the control of the oomycete, may present limitations that impact the microbiota, flora and fauna; in addition, the effects that are reflected in the quality and safety of fruits due to the accumulation of synthetic pesticide molecules. Given the phytosanitary situation expressed by avocado production, it is necessary to implement sustainable management alternatives, such as endotherapy, through the injection of selective products in specific doses, which control the disease without affecting the quality and safety of the fruit.

Palabras llave : avocado sadness; endotherapy; risk analysis.

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